Reddish or purple tint
A persistent reddish/purple discoloration suggests vascular disease or chronic venous insufficiency. It may be accompanied by edema and varicose veins, and lead to venous ulcers.
Dry and cracked skin
Abnormally dry skin on the heels can be a sign of hypothyroidism or diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Cracked skin provides a gateway for infections such as cellulitis.
| Symptom | Causes and when to see a doctor |
|---|---|
| Numbness and tingling | Causes: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Doctor: When it disrupts balance or causes injury. |
| Burning pain | Causes: Nerve damage, alcohol abuse, vitamin B12 deficiency, kidney disease. Doctor: If pain persists or worsens. |
| frequent cramps | Causes: Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, peripheral arterial disease. Doctor: If cramps wake you up at night or occur after a short walk. |
Swelling and structural changes
Unexplained swelling
Bilateral edema indicates heart, kidney, or liver failure; unilateral edema indicates deep vein thrombosis. If edema is accompanied by shortness of breath or chest pain, seek emergency medical attention immediately.
Non-ulcerative wounds
Diabetic ulcers are a sign of poor circulation and neuropathy. If left untreated, they pose a risk of amputation.
Sharp pain in thumb
Sudden, severe pain could be due to gout, caused by uric acid crystals. If left untreated, it leads to deformities and tophi.
Deformations and appearance
Bunions and hammertoes – worsen with arthritis; may require surgery.
Lack of hair on the fingers is an indicator of poor peripheral circulation.
