Reddish or purple hue
Persistent reddish/purple color suggests vascular disease or chronic venous insufficiency. It may be accompanied by edema and varicose veins and lead to venous ulcers.
Dry, cracked skin
Unusually dry skin on the heels may be a sign of hypothyroidism or diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Cracks create an entry point for infections such as cellulitis.
| Symptom | Causes and when to see a doctor |
|---|---|
| Numbness and tingling | Causes: diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Doctor: when it disrupts balance or leads to wounds. |
| Burning pain | Causes: nerve damage, alcohol abuse, B12 deficiency, kidney disease. Doctor: for persistent or worsening pain. |
| Frequent cramps | Causes: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, PAD. Doctor: if cramps wake you up at night or occur after a short walk. |
Swelling and structural changes
Unexplained swelling
Bilateral edema indicates heart, kidney, or liver failure; unilateral edema indicates deep vein thrombosis. If edema is accompanied by shortness of breath/chest pain, seek emergency care immediately.
Non-ulcerative wounds
Diabetic ulcers indicate poor circulation and neuropathy. Without treatment, they are a threat for amputation.
Sharp pain in the thumb
Sudden, severe pain could be gout, caused by uric acid crystals. Without treatment, it leads to deformities and tophi.
Deformities and appearance
Bunions and hammertoes – worsen with arthritis; may require surgery.
Lack of hair on the fingers – an indicator of poor peripheral circulation.
