Geographic tongue
A benign condition in which areas of the tongue lose their normal coating, creating smooth, red areas with white edges. The patterns can change over time. It is usually harmless, but sometimes causes mild discomfort.
Lichen planus
A chronic inflammatory condition that can affect the inside of the mouth, causing white, lacy patches on the tongue and inside of the cheeks. The cause is not entirely clear, but it is thought to be related to the immune system.
Syphilis
In its second stage, syphilis (a sexually transmitted infection) can cause white spots on the tongue and inside the mouth. This condition requires immediate treatment with antibiotics.
When should you see a doctor?
Although a white tongue is often harmless and can be managed with good hydration and oral hygiene, you should consult a doctor or dentist if:
The white coating lasts for more than two weeks.
You have pain, burning, or difficulty swallowing.
You notice red spots, sores, or bleeding.
